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With growing controversy over the risk of permanent brain injury in contact sports, researchers find an association between repetitive head trauma and brain disease in samples taken from deceased athletes. Many were professional football players.

Several Jewish leaders are suing New York City to block a new rule regulating a circumcision ritual known as metzitzah b'peh. City health officials say the ritual, practiced by some Orthodox Jews, can spread the herpes virus to infants. But critics say the law infringes on their freedom of religion.

The U.S. is emphasizing the assistance it provides to Syrian refugees, but the Obama administration is still not showing any signs that it's prepared to arm the rebels.

Islamist rebels are among the groups fighting to topple Syrian President Bashar Assad, raising concerns in the West about what their role would be in a Syria without Assad. NPR's Kelly McEvers recently spent some time with these Islamist fighters in the embattled city of Aleppo.

In his first term, President Obama was criticized as caving to Republicans too early, too often. Since his re-election, he has subtly changed his approach. He's bringing a more aggressive style — but some critics say it's not the best way to find common ground.

Also: "Fiscal cliff" talks continue; Obama warns Syria about using chemical weapons; judge removed in Fort Hood shooting rampage case; and the world watches as pregnant Kate rests.

The Democratic politician has taken up a challenge to live on $30 worth of food for a week. That's about what the average food stamps recipient in his state receives. It's part of a campaign to raise awareness about the struggles of low-income Americans.

Caregivers have been prosecuted and jailed for harming children by shaking them. Now, some researchers are saying shaken baby syndrome is a more complicated diagnosis than previously thought. Host Michel Martin speaks with Victor Zapana, whose mother was convicted of shaking a baby, and NPR Investigative Correspondent Joe Shapiro.

Congolese soldiers returned to Goma after a withdrawal by rebel troops. But rebels warn they will retake the city if the government fails to meet their demands. Host Michel Martin speaks with Reuters correspondent Jonny Hogg about the unrest.

There is a growing sense that the rebels will soon launch a major assault on the Syrian capital. Many extended families are already crammed into small apartments in areas that have been relatively safe so far.